Alexandrite is a gemstone that has always resisted simple classification. Neither purely traditional nor entirely modern, it occupies a space where science, history and symbolism intersect. Known for its extraordinary colour change and its association with rarity and transformation, alexandrite has fascinated gem collectors for nearly two centuries. In 2026, its story feels newly relevant, as advances in laboratory growth allow this once almost unreachable stone to be experienced more widely than ever before.
The origin of alexandrite lies in nineteenth century Russia, during a period when mineral discoveries carried political as well as scientific significance. The gemstone was first identified in 1830 in the Ural Mountains, a region already celebrated for emerald production. Early accounts preserved by The Russian State Geological Museum describe how miners initially mistook the green stones for emeralds, only realising their uniqueness after observing a dramatic colour shift under artificial light.
This unexpected transformation became alexandrite’s defining characteristic. In daylight, the stone appears green, bluish green or teal. Under candlelight or incandescent illumination, it shifts to shades of red, purplish red or raspberry. This phenomenon was unprecedented at the time and immediately attracted attention from mineralogists and jewellers alike.
Scientific explanation published by The American Museum of Natural History attributes this colour change to chromium impurities within the crystal lattice. Alexandrite absorbs light differently depending on wavelength distribution, allowing different colours to dominate under different lighting conditions. Even today, this optical behaviour is considered one of the most remarkable in the gemstone world.
The stone was named in honour of Alexander II, then heir to the Russian throne. Its discovery coincided with his coming of age, and its red and green hues reflected the colours of Imperial Russia’s military regalia. As noted in historical commentary by The State Hermitage Museum, this symbolism helped cement alexandrite’s status as a national stone associated with power, renewal and prestige.
Natural alexandrite belongs to the chrysoberyl family and is prized not only for its colour change but also for its durability. With a Mohs hardness of 8.5, it is significantly harder than many coloured gemstones, making it suitable for fine jewellery intended to endure daily wear.
Despite its promise, early Russian deposits were rapidly depleted. By the late nineteenth century, high quality natural alexandrite had become exceedingly rare. Later discoveries in Sri Lanka, Brazil and Tanzania yielded stones with varying characteristics, but truly fine examples with strong colour change remained scarce.
Geological reporting from Geology Today has examined how this scarcity elevated alexandrite into one of the most valuable coloured gemstones by weight. Exceptional natural specimens are now rarer than diamond, reinforcing the stone’s almost mythical reputation.
This rarity has shaped alexandrite’s symbolism over time. It has become associated with change, balance and duality, concepts reflected directly in its shifting colours. These themes have contributed to its enduring appeal in jewellery design.
Cultural analysis from The Met Museum explores how gemstones exhibiting optical phenomena often take on symbolic meanings that extend beyond aesthetics. Alexandrite’s colour change has long been interpreted as a metaphor for adaptability and emotional depth.
For much of the twentieth century, alexandrite remained out of reach for all but the wealthiest collectors. Its presence was largely confined to museums, royal collections and high profile auctions. This exclusivity began to change with advances in laboratory gemstone growth.
Laboratory grown alexandrite is chemically and optically identical to natural alexandrite. It is not a simulant or imitation. Scientific overviews published by The International Gem Society explain how crystal growth techniques replicate the conditions under which chrysoberyl forms, allowing genuine alexandrite to develop over many months.
Among the most respected pioneers in this field is Chatham Gemstones. Founded in the United States in 1938, Chatham became known for growing gemstones slowly and carefully, rather than manufacturing quick substitutes. Their lab grown alexandrite exhibits strong colour change and excellent durability, closely mirroring fine natural stones.
Industry insight from Bloomberg has noted that lab grown gemstones have reshaped the luxury market by redefining access rather than replacing natural rarity. In the case of alexandrite, laboratory growth has allowed designers and buyers to engage with the gemstone’s beauty without the constraints of extreme scarcity.
The availability of lab grown alexandrite has expanded creative possibilities within jewellery design. Designers are now able to work with larger stones and consistent colour change, exploring contemporary settings that would have been impractical or cost prohibitive with natural material.
Design journalism from Wallpaper* has highlighted how modern jewellery increasingly embraces stones chosen for narrative and behaviour rather than tradition alone. Alexandrite’s responsiveness to light makes it particularly suited to this expressive approach.
Ethical considerations have also contributed to alexandrite’s renewed relevance. While natural alexandrite mining is limited, the broader gemstone industry has faced increasing scrutiny around environmental and social impact. Laboratory grown stones offer a controlled alternative with reduced ecological disruption.
Environmental reporting by Carbon Brief has examined how laboratory production of materials can significantly lower land disturbance compared to extraction industries. For many buyers, this context adds ethical weight to the choice of lab grown gemstones.
Importantly, the rise of lab grown alexandrite has not reduced the value of natural stones. Instead, it has clarified the distinction between geological rarity and personal experience. Natural alexandrite remains prized for its provenance, age and scarcity.
Auction reporting from Sotheby’s continues to demonstrate strong demand for exceptional natural alexandrite, particularly stones with historical documentation and vivid colour change. These gems remain firmly positioned at the highest end of the market.
At the same time, lab grown alexandrite has established its own identity. It appeals to buyers drawn to the gemstone’s symbolism, optical drama and durability rather than its exclusivity. This reflects a broader shift in luxury values.
Market commentary from The Business of Fashion has observed that modern luxury consumers increasingly prioritise alignment, story and innovation over traditional markers of status. Alexandrite, with its layered history and scientific intrigue, fits naturally into this evolving landscape.
In jewellery, alexandrite is frequently chosen for rings, pendants and earrings where its colour change can be fully appreciated. Its strength makes it suitable for everyday wear, while its shifting hues ensure it remains visually dynamic.
Historical insight from Royal Museums Greenwich shows how gemstones associated with scientific discovery often gain cultural longevity. Alexandrite’s resurgence reflects a renewed appreciation for stones that sit at the intersection of history and innovation.
Looking forward, alexandrite occupies a unique position in the gemstone world. Natural stones will remain rare and highly prized, while lab grown alternatives continue to expand creative and ethical possibilities.
Alexandrite’s journey from imperial Russia to modern laboratories mirrors wider changes in how gemstones are valued and understood. It is no longer defined solely by scarcity, but by meaning, performance and accessibility.
To discover the world of alexandrite is to encounter a gemstone that evolves with its surroundings, responds to its environment and reflects the values of its time.
In 2026, that ability to adapt may be alexandrite’s most compelling quality of all.







